Background
If you’re a fan of the National Football League, so far this season you’ve heard an uninterrupted string of commentary surrounding penalties, rule changes, and the role of violence in the game. This is a fascinating topic because a number of greater trends have coincided to cause this moment - particularly the NFL’s desire to protect quarterbacks, rule changes that have reduced the amount of practice time teams have during the offseason and between games, and game-calling decisions designed to encourage passing and free up downfield receivers. Put together, these factors have led to a slow inflation in the number of penalties called per NFL game, which is now reaching a tipping point.